Amazon AWS Certified Security - Specialty 2026 (SCS-C03)

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Exam Overview

The AWS Certified Security - Specialty certification validates a candidate's advanced technical skills and experience in securing the AWS platform. Achieving the SCS-C03 demonstrates expertise in designing and implementing robust security solutions, effectively managing security incidents, and adhering to compliance requirements within the AWS cloud. This credential is vital for professionals aiming to solidify their role as a trusted security expert, enabling organizations to protect critical data and applications from evolving threats. It signifies a deep understanding of AWS security services, best practices, and the shared responsibility model, opening doors to high-demand roles and elevating one's career trajectory in the rapidly expanding cloud security domain. This certification positions you as a leader in cloud security.

Questions

65

Passing Score

750/1000

Duration

170 Minutes

Difficulty

Expert

Level

Specialist

Skills Measured

Incident Response and Security Operations
Logging, Monitoring, and Threat Detection
Infrastructure Security and Vulnerability Management
Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Data Protection and Encryption

Career Path

Target Roles

Cloud Security Engineer Security Architect DevSecOps Engineer

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Previewing updated SCS-C03 bank (47 Questions).

QUESTION 1

A company is developing a new serverless application that uses AWS Lambda functions. The company uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy the Lambda functions.

The company's developers are trying to debug a Lambda function that is deployed. The developers cannot debug the Lambda function because the Lambda function is

not logging its output to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Which combination of steps should a security engineer take to resolve this issue? (Select TWO.)

A
Check the role that is defined in the CloudFormation template and is passed to the Lambda function. Ensure that the role has a trust policy that allows thests:AssumeRole action by the service principal lambda.amazonaws.com.
B
Check the execution role that is configured in the CloudFormation template for the Lambda function. Ensure that the execution role has the necessarypermissions to write to CloudWatch Logs.
C
Check the Lambda function configuration in the CloudFormation template. Ensure that the Lambda function has an AWS X-Ray tracing configuration that isset to Active mode or PassThrough mode.
D
Check the resource policy that is configured in the CloudFormation template for the Lambda function. Ensure that the resource policy has the necessarypermissions to write to CloudWatch Logs.
E
Check the role that the developers use to debug the Lambda function. Ensure that the role has a trust policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole action by theservice principal lambda.amazonaws.com.

Correct Option: A,B

A Lambda function requires an IAM execution role to interact with other AWS services, including Amazon CloudWatch Logs. For the Lambda function to successfully log its output, two key components of this execution role must be correctly configured:

Option A (Correct): The execution role must have a trust policy that allows the lambda.amazonaws.com service principal to assume the role. Without this, the Lambda service cannot assume the role, and thus the function cannot utilize any of the permissions defined within it, including logging permissions.
Option B (Correct): The execution role itself must be granted the necessary permissions to write to CloudWatch Logs. This typically includes actions like logs:CreateLogGroup, logs:CreateLogStream, and logs:PutLogEvents. If these permissions are missing, the function will fail to write logs even if it successfully assumes the role.

Why the other choices are incorrect:

  • Option C is incorrect: AWS X-Ray is used for tracing requests and debugging application performance, not for enabling basic function output logging to CloudWatch Logs.
  • Option D is incorrect: A resource policy attached to a Lambda function is used to grant other AWS services or accounts permission to invoke the Lambda function, not for the Lambda function itself to write to CloudWatch Logs. The function uses its execution role for outbound access to other services.
  • Option E is incorrect: This option refers to the IAM role used by the developers for debugging, not the Lambda function's execution role. The developers' permissions do not dictate the Lambda function's ability to write logs during its execution.


Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/lambda-intro-execution-role.html

QUESTION 2

A company has an organization with all features enabled in AWS Organizations. The company recently started separating workloads into member accounts that are

managed by the organization's management account. The company has set up an external identity provider (IdP) that supports SAML and OpenID Connect (OIDC).

The company needs to use the IdP as a central IdP for AWS authentication. The company must grant access to the member accounts throughout the organization.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Set up Amazon Cognito. Configure an identity pool that uses an external OIDC IdP. Create IAM roles in the management account. Assign the roles to the usersin the identity pool.
B
Configure an IAM SAML IdP in each member account. Configure the IdP to send a notification to Amazon EventBridge when a new user is created. ConfigureEventBridge to invoke an AWS Lambda function to create the IAM users in each account- Authenticate the IAM users against the IdP
C
Enable AWS IAM Identity Center, Set up an external IdP with SAML authentication, Use System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM) provisioning tocreate the users and groups. Configure permission sets. Assign the permission sets to the appropriate accounts and users.
D
Enable Amazon Verified Permissions. Set up an OIDC identity source for the IdP. Create a user entity. Create a user claim that gives permissions to an IAMrole in each member account.

Correct Option: C

AWS IAM Identity Center (formerly AWS SSO) is specifically designed to provide centralized access management across multiple AWS accounts within an organization. It integrates seamlessly with external identity providers (IdPs) that support SAML for authentication. The solution allows for SCIM provisioning to automatically synchronize users and groups from the external IdP to IAM Identity Center. Permission sets define the specific AWS permissions, and these sets can be assigned to users and groups, granting them federated access to designated member accounts throughout the AWS Organization. This directly fulfills the requirement for a central IdP for AWS authentication and managing access to member accounts.



Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/singlesignon/latest/userguide/what-is.html
QUESTION 3

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage the company's AWS accounts. The company's security team needs to implement preventive controls to deny the use of

account-level root credentials. The solution must minimize the risk that an AWS account root user could be compromised. The solution must also minimize the effort needed

to manage root access.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Create an AWS Lambda function to disable the root user in every member account Enable the root account only if the company needs it to modify settingsrelated to centralized billing or the recovery of AWS KMS keys.
B
Enable centralized root access management in IAM. Remove long-term root credentials in the member accounts. Create a company policy that requiresemployees to use Organizations to create new accounts.
C
Enable centralized root access management through AWS Security Hub CSPM. Remove long-term root credentials in the member accounts. Configure newaccounts to be created without root credentials in Security Hub CSPM.
D
Configure an SCP to explicitly deny all actions when the principal is the root user of an account for all member accounts. Require that member account rootusers have MFA enabled. Require that root credentials are rotated on a regular schedule.

Correct Option: D

Option D provides the most effective and scalable solution for managing root user access across an organization. Configuring an AWS Organizations Service Control Policy (SCP) to explicitly deny most actions when the principal is the root user of a member account is a powerful preventive control. This minimizes the operational use of root credentials, thereby significantly reducing the attack surface and risk of compromise. While a few critical tasks (like account closure or support plan changes) might require root, an SCP can be crafted to allow only these. Additionally, requiring Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for root users adds a crucial layer of security, protecting against unauthorized console access. Requiring credential rotation, especially for any root access keys that might exist (though generally discouraged), further enhances security. This centralized approach through Organizations minimizes management effort compared to individual account configurations.



Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/organizations/latest/userguide/orgs_manage_policies_scp.html
QUESTION 4

A company has two web applications that run on Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3. The applications failed an HTTP security audit, and users are reporting latency issues.

The applications need to deliver web content at low latencies while improving security and privacy for users and content providers. The company must implement a solution

that does not require changes to the application code,

Which combination of actions should the company take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A
Deploy Amazon API Gateway. Cache the endpoint's responses.
B
Configure Amazon API Gateway with a request parameter-based AWS Lambda authorizer to add HTTP security headers on origin responses.
C
Write a Lambda@Edge function to add HTTP security headers on origin responses.
D
Configure Amazon CloudFront. Create a distribution for the EC2 and S3 origins.
E
Implement an Application Load Balancer (ALB) to honor the connection header from the incoming client request after forwarding the response back to theclient.

Correct Option: C,D

The company needs to address two main issues: low latency for web content delivery and improved security/privacy, specifically HTTP security audit failures. The solution must not require application code changes.

  • Option D: Configure Amazon CloudFront. Create a distribution for the EC2 and S3 origins. CloudFront is a Content Delivery Network (CDN) service that caches content at edge locations globally, significantly reducing latency for users accessing web applications. It also enhances security by providing HTTPS termination at the edge, DDoS protection, and integration with AWS WAF, all without requiring changes to the origin applications on EC2 or S3. This directly addresses the latency and general security requirements.
  • Option C: Write a Lambda@Edge function to add HTTP security headers on origin responses. Lambda@Edge functions run in conjunction with CloudFront and allow customization of content delivered via CloudFront. A Lambda@Edge function can be triggered at various points in the CloudFront request/response cycle to inspect and modify HTTP headers. By writing a function to add HTTP security headers (e.g., Strict-Transport-Security, X-Frame-Options, Content-Security-Policy) to origin responses, the company can resolve the HTTP security audit failures and improve security without altering the application code on EC2 or S3.

Together, CloudFront provides low-latency content delivery and foundational security, while Lambda@Edge addresses the specific requirement for HTTP security headers without touching the application code.



Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/latest/dg/cloudfront-what-is-cloudfront.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/lambda-edge.html
QUESTION 5

A company runs an application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The company can remove instances from the fleet without risk to the application. All EC2 instances use

the same security group named ProdFleet. Amazon GuardDuty and AWS Config are active in the company's AWS account.

A security engineer needs to provide a solution that will prevent an EC2 instance from sending outbound traffic if GuardDuty generates a cryptocurrency finding event. The

security engineer creates a new security group named Isolate that contains no outbound rules. The security engineer configures an AWS Lambda function to remove an

EC2 instance from the ProdFleet security group and add it to the Isolate security group.

Which additional step will meet this requirement?

A
Configure GuardDuty to directly invoke the Lambda function if GuardDuty generates a CryptoCurrency:EC2/* finding event.
B
Configure an AWS Config rule that invokes the Lambda function if a CryptoCurrency:EC2P configuration change event occurs for an EC2 instance.
C
Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes the Lambda function if GuardDuty generates a finding event.
D
Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes the Lambda function if AWS Config detects a CryptoCurrency:EC2/* configuration change event for anEC2 instance.

Correct Option: C

GuardDuty publishes its findings as events to Amazon EventBridge. An EventBridge rule can be configured with an event pattern to specifically detect 'CryptoCurrency:EC2/*' findings from GuardDuty. This rule can then invoke the pre-configured AWS Lambda function as a target. The Lambda function will perform the necessary security group modification, effectively isolating the compromised EC2 instance by moving it to the 'Isolate' security group with no outbound rules. This is the standard and recommended architecture for automating responses to GuardDuty findings.



Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/guardduty/latest/ug/guardduty_integration_eventbridge.html
QUESTION 6

A company wants to grant a technology partner access to Amazon EC2 instances in an Amazon VPC. The instances run Amazon Linux. The instances are accessible only

by using AWS Systems Manager Session Manager The technology partner does not use AWS.

A security engineer needs to design a solution to provide the technology partner with credentials. The technology partner must be able to access the EC2 instances

without introducing any new security risks.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Create an IAM user for the technology partner. Attach a policy that allows the IAM user to use Session Manager to access the EC2 instances, Generate IAMaccess keys for the IAM user. Share the IAM user credentials with the technology partner.
B
Configure a new IAM role. Create an IAM Roles Anywhere trust anchor in the role's trust policy- Attach a policy to the IAM role that allows Session Managerconnections. Create an IAM Roles Anywhere profile for the new IAM role. Ensure that the technology partner uses a certificate that uses the trust anchor togenerate AWS STS tokens.
C
Create an inbound security group rule for the EC2 instances. Configure the rule to allow connections on port 22 from the technology partner's IP addressrange. Generate a key pair for the technology partner to use, Ensure that the technology partner connects to the EC2 instances by using SSH.
D
Create an IAM role, Configure the trust policy for the role to allow all principals to assume the role from the technology partner's external IP address range.Attach an IAM policy to the role that allows the role to use EC2 Instance Connect. Provide the role's ARN to the technology partner. Require the technologypartner to use EC2 Instance Connect to connect to the EC2 instances.

Correct Option: B

AWS Systems Manager Session Manager allows secure access to EC2 instances without opening inbound ports or managing SSH keys. When a technology partner does not use AWS, a robust solution is required to grant temporary, secure access. IAM Roles Anywhere is designed for this exact scenario, allowing external identities (e.g., a partner with their own Public Key Infrastructure) to use X.509 certificates to assume an IAM role and obtain temporary AWS credentials (AWS STS tokens). This method is significantly more secure than sharing long-lived IAM user access keys, as it leverages existing certificate infrastructure, provides temporary credentials, and avoids exposing the instances directly over the internet.



Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/rolesanywhere/latest/userguide/introduction.html
QUESTION 7

An audit reveals that a company has multiple applications that are susceptible to SQL injection attacks. The company wants a formal penetration testing program as soon as

possible to identify future risks in applications that are deployed on AWS.

The company's legal department is concerned that such testing might create AWS abuse notifications and violate the AWS Acceptable Use policy, The company must

ensure compliance in these areas.

Which testing procedures are allowed on AWS as part of a penetration testing strategy? (Select TWO.)

A
Port scanning inside the company's VPC
B
Brute force test of the Amazon S3 bucket namespace
C
Use of a SQL injection tool on the company's web application against an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance
D
Packet flooding of the company's web application
E
DNS zone walking through Amazon Route 53 hosted zones

Correct Option: A,C

The company wants to perform penetration testing on its applications deployed on AWS while ensuring compliance with the AWS Acceptable Use Policy and avoiding abuse notifications. This means the testing must target the company's own resources and not impact AWS infrastructure or other customers.

Option A: Port scanning inside the company's VPC is allowed. AWS permits customers to perform security assessments, including port scanning, against their own Amazon EC2 instances within their VPC without prior approval. This targets the customer's owned resources.

Option C: Use of a SQL injection tool on the company's web application against an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance is allowed. SQL injection is an application-layer vulnerability test. As long as the web application and the RDS instance belong to the company, this is a permitted test against their own application and database resources.

Why the other choices are incorrect:

  • Option B is incorrect: Brute force testing of the Amazon S3 bucket namespace is generally prohibited. Attempting to enumerate or discover other customers' S3 buckets violates the AWS Acceptable Use Policy as it constitutes unauthorized probing of AWS services beyond the customer's owned resources.
  • Option D is incorrect: Packet flooding (a type of Denial of Service - DoS attack) on the company's web application is not allowed without prior explicit approval from AWS. Such activities can impact shared infrastructure and are generally prohibited under the AWS Penetration Testing Policy.
  • Option E is incorrect: DNS zone walking through Amazon Route 53 hosted zones, especially if it implies enumerating or probing hosted zones not owned by the company, is generally not permitted. Testing efforts must be limited to the customer's own AWS resources, and broad enumeration of shared services can violate policy.


Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/security/penetration-testing/
QUESTION 8

A security engineer needs to centralize logging from VPC Flow Logs and AWS CloudTrail. The security engineer also needs to query the log data after an incident occurs.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Configure VPC Flow Logs and CloudTrail to send the log data directly to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Query the log data by using a metric filter
B
Configure VPC Flow Logs and CloudTrail to send the log data directly to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Query the log data by using a subscription filter
C
Configure VPC Flow Logs and CloudTrail to send the log data directly to Amazon DynamoDB. Use the DynamoDB Query API operation to query items basedon their primary key values.
D
Configure VPC Flow Logs and CloudTrail to send the log data directly to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to query the log data.

Correct Option: D

Option D (Correct)
Reasoning: This solution effectively addresses both requirements. Both VPC Flow Logs and AWS CloudTrail can be configured to deliver their log data to an Amazon S3 bucket, which provides centralized, durable, and cost-effective storage. Amazon Athena is a serverless interactive query service that allows security engineers to query data directly in S3 using standard SQL. This combination is ideal for analyzing large volumes of log data after an incident, offering flexibility and powerful querying capabilities without managing any infrastructure.

Why the other choices are incorrect:

  • Option A is incorrect: While VPC Flow Logs and CloudTrail can send logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for centralization, CloudWatch metric filters are used to extract numerical metrics from logs, not to perform ad-hoc queries of the raw log data for incident investigation. CloudWatch Logs Insights would be the appropriate tool for querying within CloudWatch Logs.
  • Option B is incorrect: Similar to option A, sending logs to CloudWatch Logs is viable for centralization. However, CloudWatch subscription filters are designed to stream log data to other services (e.g., Lambda, Kinesis) for real-time processing or analysis, not for querying historical log data directly within CloudWatch Logs for incident response.
  • Option C is incorrect: Neither VPC Flow Logs nor CloudTrail natively supports sending logs directly to Amazon DynamoDB. DynamoDB is a NoSQL database optimized for specific use cases (key-value, document data) and is not typically used as a centralized log aggregation and querying platform for the volume and nature of security logs like Flow Logs and CloudTrail. This approach would be complex, inefficient, and unsupported by direct integrations.


Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/flow-logs.html; https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-s3-log-files.html; https://docs.aws.amazon.com/athena/latest/ug/what-is-athena.html

QUESTION 9

A company wants to use a suite of AWS Lambda functions to automatically remediate noncompliant resources. The company packages the suite of Lambda functions into

an AWS CloudFormation template. The company wants to deploy the suite of Lambda functions to all AWS Organizations accounts. However, the company cannot use the

Organizations management account for deployment.

Which solution provides centralized deployment of the Lambda function suite to all accounts in the organization?

A
Register a delegated administrator for CloudFormation. Deploy the template to every account in the organization by using StackSets,
B
Create a cross-account IAM role with a unique external ID in each AWS account, Assume the cross-account role to deploy the template.
C
Package the template as an AWS Service Catalog product. Log in to each account and provision the product to each account.
D
Set up AWS CodePipeline in each account, Configure a pipeline to pull the template from an Amazon S3 bucket in the Organizations management account,

Correct Option: A

Option A is correct: AWS CloudFormation StackSets are designed for deploying CloudFormation stacks to multiple AWS accounts and regions from a single administrator account. When integrated with AWS Organizations, StackSets can deploy to all accounts within specific Organizational Units (OUs) or the entire organization. The ability to register a delegated administrator for CloudFormation allows a member account to manage StackSets across the organization, satisfying the requirement that the Organizations management account cannot be used for deployment. This provides a centralized mechanism to deploy the Lambda function suite to all target accounts.

Option B is incorrect: While creating cross-account IAM roles is necessary for programmatic access, it does not provide a centralized deployment mechanism like StackSets. This approach would still require iterating through each account to assume the role and deploy the template, which is not a single, centralized operation.

Option C is incorrect: AWS Service Catalog allows administrators to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS. While products can be shared across accounts, provisioning them still typically involves users or automated processes initiating the provision in each target account. It doesn't offer the centralized 'deploy to all accounts' functionality of StackSets for a single administrative operation.

Option D is incorrect: Setting up AWS CodePipeline in each account would lead to a decentralized and complex deployment architecture. The requirement is for 'centralized deployment,' which CodePipeline in each account does not provide. It would significantly increase management overhead.



Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/stacksets-orgs-delegated-admin.html
QUESTION 10

A security engineer needs to automate the management of data that is stored in several Amazon S3 buckets. The data is rarely used after 90 days- When the data is

accessed, the data must be available within a few hours. The data must be deleted after 2 years.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Create an Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager custom policy. Specify for objects to move to S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval after 90 days and for objects to bedeleted after 2 years.
B
Create an Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager default policy. Specify for objects to move to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 90 days. Specify the deletion ofnoncurrent object versions after 2 years.
C
Create an S3 Lifecycle configuration for each S3 bucket. Add a rule to transition objects to S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval after 90 days. Add another rule toexpire objects after 2 years.
D
Create an S3 Lifecycle configuration for each S3 bucket. Add a rule to transition objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 90 days. Add another rule to expirenoncurrent object versions after 2 years.

Correct Option: C

The security engineer needs to manage S3 data lifecycle with specific requirements:

  • Data rarely used after 90 days, implying a transition to a lower-cost storage class.
  • Data must be available within a few hours when accessed.
  • Data must be deleted after 2 years.

Let's evaluate the options:

  • A and B are incorrect: Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (DLM) is used for managing the lifecycle of Amazon EBS snapshots and AMIs, not Amazon S3 objects. S3 Lifecycle configurations are the correct mechanism for S3.
  • D is incorrect: While S3 Lifecycle configurations are the correct service, transitioning objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive is not suitable. S3 Glacier Deep Archive has retrieval times ranging from 12 to 48 hours, which does not meet the requirement for data to be available "within a few hours."
  • C is correct:
    • Creating an S3 Lifecycle configuration for each S3 bucket is the correct approach for managing object lifecycles in S3.
    • Adding a rule to transition objects to S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval after 90 days meets the requirement for rarely used data. S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval (formerly S3 Glacier) offers retrieval options that include Expedited (1-5 minutes), Standard (3-5 hours), and Bulk (5-12 hours). The Standard retrieval option fits perfectly within the "within a few hours" requirement.
    • Adding another rule to expire objects after 2 years ensures the data is deleted as required.


Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lifecycle-mgmt.html
QUESTION 11

A company wants to monitor the deletion of AWS KMS customer managed keys. A security engineer needs to create an alarm that will notify the company before a KMS key

is deleted. The security engineer has configured the integration of AWS CloudTrail with Amazon CloudWatch.

What should the security engineer do next to meet these requirements?

A
Specify the deletion time of the key material during KMS key creation. Create a custom AWS Config rule to assess the key's scheduled deletion- Configure therule to trigger upon a configuration change. Send a message to an Amazon SNS topic if the key is scheduled for deletion.
B
Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect KMS API calls of DeleteAlias. Create an AWS Lambda function to send an Amazon SNS message to thecompany. Add the Lambda function as the target of the EventBridge rule.
C
Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect KMS API calls of DisableKey and ScheduleKeyDeletion. Create an AWS Lambda function to send an AmazonSNS message to the company. Add the Lambda function as the target of the EventBridge rule.
D
Create an Amazon SNS policy to detect KMS API calls of RevokeGrant and ScheduleKeyDeletion. Create an AWS Lambda function to generate the alarm andsend the notification to the company. Add the Lambda function as the target of the SNS policy.

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QUESTION 12

A company is using AWS Organizations. A member account in the organization has an AWS KMS customer managed key that is used to encrypt data in an application that

runs on an Amazon EC2 instance.

The KMS customer managed key and the EC2 instance exist in the same account and the same AWS Region. When the company created the key, the company configured

the key with the default key policy and configured automatic rotation. The application receives access to use the key through an EC2 instance profile that is attached to the

EC2 instance.

The company discovers that the EC2 instance can no longer access the key. A security engineer verifies that the EC2 instance profile has the proper IAM policy attached to

use and access the key.

Which reasons explain why the EC2 instance cannot access the key? (Select TWO.)

A
Organizations has applied an IAM policy to the AWS account to deny access to the customer managed key's ARN value.
B
AWS has automatically rotated the customer managed key.
C
An SCP has been applied to the AWS account's OU and is denying access to KMS API calls.
D
The key policy has been modified to remove the ability for the account to provide permissions to the customer managed key through IAM policies.
E
The key policy has been modified to allow the kms:RevokeGrant permission for the key administrator's IAM account.

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QUESTION 13

A company has an IAM group. All of the IAM users in the group have been assigned a multi-factor authentication (MFA) device and have full access to Amazon S3.

The company needs to ensure that users in the group can perform S3 actions only after the users authenticate with MFA. A security engineer must design a solution that

accomplishes this goal with the least maintenance overhead,

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A
Add a customer managed Deny policy to users in the group for s3:* actions.
B
Add a customer managed Deny policy to the group for s3:* actions.
C
Add a customer managed Allow policy to the group for actions.
D
Option D
E
Option E

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QUESTION 14

A security engineer must investigate an Amazon GuardDuty finding. The finding indicates potential cryptocurrency mining activity on an Amazon EC2 instance. The security

engineer must validate the finding and assess the impact.

Which data sources should the security engineer analyze to meet these requirements?

A
Check the instance's CPU utilization metrics in Amazon CloudWatch. Examine the finding's MITRE ATT&CK tactic classification. Review any associated IAMrole permissions.
B
Count the number of GuardDuty findings associated with the instance, Verify the instance's launch time. Check AWS Security Hub CSPM for any related alerts.
C
Review the instance's process details that relate to the finding. Examine DNS queries to known mining domains. Analyze the instance's outbound networkconnections by using VPC Flow Logs.
D
Examine the instance's AWS Systems Manager session history. Verify Amazon Route 53 DNS records. Review GuardDuty severity levels.

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QUESTION 15

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The company needs to allow an IAM user to use a role to access resources that are in another

organization's AWS account.

Which combination of steps must the company perform to meet this requirement? (Select TWO.)

A
Create an identity policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole action in the AWS account that contains the resources. Attach the identity policy to the IAM user.
B
Ensure that the sts:AssumeRole action is allowed by the SCPs of the organization that owns the resources that the IAM user needs to access.
C
Create a role in the AWS account that contains the resources. Create an entry in the role's trust policy that allows the IAM user to assume the role. Attach thetrust policy to the role.
D
Establish a trust relationship between the IAM user and the AWS account that contains the resources.
E
Create a role in the IAM user's AWS account. Create an identity policy that allows the sts:AssumeRoIe action. Attach the identity policy to the role.

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QUESTION 16

A software development company runs an internal web application. The application experiences an Amazon S3 signed URL issue. A security engineer must troubleshoot the issue. The URL should allow an internal end user to download an object. However, the end user says that the URL is not working.

What is the reason for this issue?

A
The clock on the end user's machine is wrong and does not match the time on AWS servers.
B
The object in the S3 bucket was modified after the signed URL was created.
C
The end user's IAM permissions do not allow the end user to download the S3 object.
D
The IAM entity that created the URL no longer has permission to download the S3 bucket.

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QUESTION 17

A company has a standalone AWS account that the company uses as a pilot environment. A security engineer needs to create a solution that allows developers to create

their own least privilege IAM roles and policies.

The solution must prevent the developers from increasing their permissions to creation of these new resources. The solution also must define a maximum set of permissions

that developers can give their IAM roles.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Create an SCP that allows only the defined permissions. Attach the SCP to the AWS account.
B
Create an IAM policy that contains the defined permissions, Add a condition to the developers' IAM permissions to allow creation of a role only if the policy isattached as an IAM permissions boundary.
C
Create an analyzer in AWS IAM Access Analyzer to check created IAM roles for the defined permissions. If a role is non-compliant, invoke automaticremediation to reduce the IAM policy permissions.
D
Create an AWS Lambda function that compares the permissions of new roles with the defined permissions. If a role is non-compliant, invoke automaticremediation to reduce the IAM policy permissions.

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QUESTION 18

A large company wants to use Amazon Security Lake to improve its incident response capabilities. A security team must be able to search and correlate logs during security

incidents across hundreds of AWS accounts. The accounts are part of an organization in AWS Organizations.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Deploy Security Lake in a security tooling account. Use Amazon EventBridge to route logs from member accounts- Use Amazon OpenSearch Service forcross-account querying of the logs.
B
Enable Security Lake in each OIJ. Configure AWS Systems Manager to aggregate logs centrally. Use Systems Manager OpsCenter to query the logs.
C
Enable Security Lake in the Organizations management account. Configure AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share log access across memberaccounts.
D
Configure an account in the organization as the delegated administrator for Security Lake. Enable AWS Lake Formation integration. Create subscriber resourcelinks for cross-account access.

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QUESTION 19

A company needs to analyze access logs for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB directs traffic to the company's online login portal. The company needs to use

visualizations to identify login attempts by bots from a list of known IP sources.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Configure the ALB to send logs directly to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Analyze and visualize the logs by using CloudWatch Logs Insights.
B
Configure the ALB to send logs directly to Amazon Redshift. Analyze the logs by using SQL queries. Visualize the logs by using custom reports.
C
Configure the ALB to send logs directly to Amazon OpenSearch Service. Analyze the logs by using OpenSearch dashboards, Visualize the logs by usingcustom OpenSearch dashboards.
D
Configure the ALB to send logs directly to an Amazon S3 bucket. Analyze the logs by using Amazon Athena. Visualize the logs by using Amazon Quick Sight.

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QUESTION 20

A company manages multiple AWS accounts across an organization in AWS Organizations. The company controls user access by using IAM users and groups for the accounts in the organization. The company uses a single external identity provider (IdP) for workforce SSO.

The company needs a solution that provides a single management portal to access accounts within the organization. The solution must support the external IdP as a federation source.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A
Enable AWS IAM Identity Center. Specify the external IdP as the identity source.
B
Enable federation by using IAM. Specify the external IdP as the identity source.
C
Migrate to Amazon Verified Permissions. Implement fine-grained access to AWS by using policy-based access control (PBAC).
D
Migrate users to AWS Directory Service. Use AWS Control Tower to centralize security across the organization.

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QUESTION 21

A security engineer for a company wants to maintain all IAM users and roles according to the principle of least privilege. The security engineer plans to audit the IAM permissions once every 365 days. The security engineer must view the permissions that each IAM identity used in the last 365 days and must remove any unused permissions.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Use AWS CloudTrail logs to review IAM identity actions and to remove unused permissions.
B
Use AWS Config to review configuration changes by each IAM identity and to remove unused permissions.
C
Use AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer to review last accessed information and to remove unused permissions.
D
Use AWS Trusted Advisor to check the IAM identities that have elevated permissions and to remove unused permissions.

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QUESTION 22

A company uses AWS Lambda functions to implement application logic. The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage hundreds of AWS accounts.

The company needs to implement a solution to continuously monitor the Lambda functions for vulnerabilities in all accounts. The solution must publish detected issues to a dashboard. Lambda functions that are being tested or are in development must not appear on the dashboard.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A
Designate a delegated Amazon GuardDuty administrator account in the organization's management account. Use the GuardDuty Summary dashboard to obtain an overview of Lambda functions that have vulnerabilities.
B
Designate a delegated Amazon Inspector administrator account in the organization's management account. Use the Amazon Inspector dashboard to obtain an overview of Lambda functions that have vulnerabilities.
C
Apply tags of "test" or "development" to all Lambda functions that are in testing or development. Use a suppression filter that suppresses findings that contain these tags.
D
Enable AWS Shield Advanced in the organization's management account. Use Amazon CloudWatch to build a dashboard for Lambda functions that have vulnerabilities.
E
Enable Lambda Protection in GuardDuty for all accounts. Auto-enable Lambda Protection for new accounts. Apply a tag to the Lambda functions that are in testing or development. Use GuardDutyExclusion as the tag key and LambdaStandardScanning as the tag value.

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QUESTION 23

A company that builds document management systems recently performed a security review of its application on AWS. The review showed that uploads of documents through signed URLs into Amazon S3 could occur in the application without encryption in transit. A security engineer must implement a solution that prevents uploads that are not encrypted in transit.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

A
Ensure that all client implementations are using HTTPS to upload documents into the application.
B
Configure the s3-bucket-ssl-requests-only managed rule in AWS Config.
C
Add an S3 bucket policy that denies all S3 actions for condition "aws:secureTransport": "false".
D
Add an S3 bucket ACL with a grantee of AllUsers, a permission of WRITE, and a condition of secureTransport.

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QUESTION 24

A company uses AWS Organizations. The company subscribes to AWS Shield Advanced. The company must share third-party firewall logs from all its accounts with the Shield Response Team. The company stores the logs in an Amazon S3 bucket that uses server-side encryption with S3 managed keys (SSE-S3).

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A
Use the "aws shield associate-drt-log-bucket" command to grant the Shield Response Team access to the bucket.
B
Configure multi-account support by creating a delegated administrator account for Shield Advanced.
C
In the delegated administrator account, configure Shield Advanced to forward events to AWS Security Hub CSPM.
D
Create an IAM role and attach the policy AWSShieldDRTAccessPolicy. Create a trust policy with the drt.shield.amazon.aws service principal.
E
Configure auto-enable preferences in Organizations to enable Shield Advanced as the organization adds new member accounts.

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QUESTION 25

A company's application uses standard tier secure string parameters from AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. The application is receiving error messages when the company tries to update a parameter. The parameter uses an AWS KMS customer managed key for encryption and decryption.

What are the reasons for the error messages? (Select TWO.)

A
The application does not have the kms:Encrypt permission for the customer managed key.
B
The customer managed key is already being used to encrypt another secure string parameter.
C
Standard tier secure string parameters cannot use a customer managed key for encryption.
D
The customer managed key that is specified in the application has its key state set to Disabled.
E
The customer managed key that is specified in the application is using a key alias instead of a key ID.

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QUESTION 26

A company operates a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The application listens on port 80 and port 443. The company uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with AWS WAF to terminate SSL and to forward traffic to the application instances only on port 80.

The ALB is in public subnets that are associated with a network ACL that is named NACL1. The application instances are in dedicated private subnets that are associated with a network ACL that is named NACL2. An Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance that uses port 5432 is in a dedicated private subnet that is associated with a network ACL that is named NACL3. All the network ACLs currently allow all inbound and outbound traffic.

Which set of network ACL changes will increase the security of the application while ensuring functionality?

A
Make the following changes to NACL3:Add a rule that allows inbound traffic on port 5432 from NACL2.Add a rule that allows outbound traffic on ports 1024-65536 to NACL2.Remove the default rules that allow all inbound and outbound traffic.
B
Make the following changes to NACL3:Add a rule that allows inbound traffic on port 5432 from the CIDR blocks of the application instance subnets.Add a rule that allows outbound traffic on ports 1024-65536 to the application instance subnets.Remove the default rules that allow all inbound and outbound traffic.
C
Make the following changes to NACL2:Add a rule that allows outbound traffic on port 5432 to the CIDR blocks of the RDS subnets.Remove the default rules that allow all inbound and outbound traffic.
D
Make the following changes to NACL2:Add a rule that allows inbound traffic on port 5432 from the CIDR blocks of the RDS subnets.Add a rule that allows outbound traffic on port 5432 to the RDS subnets.

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QUESTION 27

A company wants to remove all SSH keys permanently from a specific subset of its Amazon Linux 2 Amazon EC2 instances that are using the same IAM instance profile. However, three individuals who have IAM user accounts will need to access these instances by using an SSH session to perform critical duties.

How can a security engineer provide the access to meet these requirements?

A
Assign an IAM policy to the instance profile to allow the EC2 instances to be managed by AWS Systems Manager. Provide the IAM user accounts with permission to use Systems Manager. Remove the SSH keys from the EC2 instances. Use Systems Manager Inventory to select the EC2 instance and connect.
B
Assign an IAM policy to the IAM user accounts to provide permission to use AWS Systems Manager Run Command. Remove the SSH keys from the EC2 instances. Use Run Command to open an SSH connection to the EC2 instance.
C
Assign an IAM policy to the instance profile to allow the EC2 instances to be managed by AWS Systems Manager. Provide the IAM user accounts with permission to use Systems Manager. Remove the SSH keys from the EC2 instances. Use Systems Manager Session Manager to select the EC2 instance and connect.
D
Assign an IAM policy to the IAM user accounts to provide permission to use the EC2 service in the AWS Management Console. Remove the SSH keys from the EC2 instances. Connect to the EC2 instance as the ec2-user through the AWS Management Console's EC2 SSH client method.

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QUESTION 28

A company is running a dynamic website by using an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A security engineer notices that bots from different IP addresses are using brute-force attacks to invoke a service endpoint frequently.

What is the FASTEST way to mitigate this problem?

A
Create an AWS Lambda function to process ALB logs. Block the bots' IP addresses in the ALB's security group.
B
Create an AWS WAF web ACL for the ALB. Add a rate-based rule to the web ACL to block the bots.
C
Create an ALB listener rule. Combine source-ip and path-pattern as the conditions to match bots. Specify a fixed-response action to return an HTTP 403 status.
D
Create an AWS WAF web ACL for the ALB. Add a rate-based rule to a rule group to block the bots. Attach the rule to the web ACL.

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QUESTION 29

A company uses AWS Config rules to identify Amazon S3 buckets that are not compliant with the company’s data protection policy. The S3 buckets are hosted in several AWS Regions and several AWS accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations.

The company needs a solution to remediate the organization's existing noncompliant S3 buckets and any noncompliant S3 buckets that are created in the future.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Deploy an AWS Config aggregator with organization-wide resource data aggregation. Create an AWS Lambda function that responds to AWS Config findings of noncompliant S3 buckets by deleting or reconfiguring the S3 buckets.
B
Deploy an AWS Config aggregator with organization-wide resource data aggregation. Create an SCP that contains a Deny statement that prevents the creation of new noncompliant S3 buckets. Apply the SCP to all OUs in the organization.
C
Deploy an AWS Config aggregator that scopes only the accounts and Regions that the company currently uses. Create an AWS Lambda function that responds to AWS Config findings of noncompliant S3 buckets by deleting or reconfiguring the S3 buckets.
D
Deploy an AWS Config aggregator that scopes only the accounts and Regions that the company currently uses. Create an SCP that contains a Deny statement that prevents the creation of new noncompliant S3 buckets. Apply the SCP to all OUs in the organization.

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QUESTION 30

A company is using AWS Organizations with nested OUs to manage AWS accounts. The company has a custom compliance monitoring service for the accounts. The monitoring service runs as an AWS Lambda function and is invoked by Amazon EventBridge Scheduler.

The company needs to deploy the monitoring service in all existing and future accounts in the organization. The company must avoid using the organization's management account when the management account is not required.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Create an AWS CloudFormation template for the Lambda function and for the EventBridge Scheduler schedule. Create a CloudFormation stack set in the organization's management account. Specify all the existing accounts as the deployment targets. Add new accounts as a stack to the existing stack set when new accounts are created.
B
Configure an Organizations delegated administrator account for AWS CloudFormation. Create a CloudFormation template for the Lambda function and for the EventBridge Scheduler schedule. Create a CloudFormation StackSet in the delegated administrator account. Specify the root of the organization as the deployment target. Activate automatic deployment for the StackSet.
C
Enable AWS Systems Manager operations management capabilities. Configure a delegated administrator account for Systems Manager. Create a Systems Manager Automation custom runbook in the delegated administrator account. Use the runbook to deploy the Lambda function and the EventBridge Scheduler schedule. Specify the root of the organization as the target for Systems Manager Automation.
D
Create an AWS Systems Manager Automation custom runbook in the organization's management account. Use the runbook to deploy the Lambda function and the EventBridge Scheduler schedule. Share the runbook with target accounts. Specify all the existing accounts as targets for Systems Manager Automation. Add new accounts as targets when new accounts are created.

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QUESTION 31

A company is using Amazon Made, AWS Firewall Manager. Amazon Inspector, and AWS Shield Advanced in its AWS account. The company wants to receive alerts if a DDoS attack occurs against the account.Which solution will meet this requirement?

A
Use Macie to detect an active DDoS event. Create Amazon CloudWatch alarms that respond to Macie findings.
B
Use Amazon Inspector to review resources and to invoke Amazon CloudWatch alarms for any resources that are vulnerable to DDoS attacks.
C
Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that monitors Firewall Manager metrics for an active DDoS event.
D
Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that monitors Shield Advanced metrics for an active DDoS event.

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QUESTION 32

A company runs business-critical applications in the AWS Cloud. Regulations require the company to regularly conduct realistic disaster recovery tests in the AWS environment. The tests must show that the high availability configuration meets defined criteria. As tests are conducted in the live environment, the company needs a way to stop the tests if critical issues are found.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Create AWS Lambda functions to provide actions to shut down resources. Tag all the critical resources. Configure an AWS Step Functions express workflow to perform the simulation on the tagged resources.
B
Configure AWS Fault Injection Service. Create an experiment to simulate a power interruption. Tag all instances to include in the experiment and schedule the invocation.
C
Create a runbook to conduct the test manually. Include a fixed order to shut down machines cleanly. During testing, document all the steps that are taken.
D
Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook for the disaster simulation. Configure the runbook document to run all necessary actions to shut down machines. Tag all the critical resources.

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QUESTION 33

An ecommerce website was down for 1 hour following a DDoS attack. Users were unable to connect to the website during the attack period. The ecommerce company's security team is worried about future potential attacks and wants to prepare for such events. The company needs to minimize downtime in its response to similar attacks in the future.Which steps would help achieve this? (Choose two.)

A
Enable Amazon GuardDuty to automatically monitor for malicious activity and block unauthorized access.
B
Subscribe to AWS Shield Advanced and reach out to AWS Support in the event of an attack.
C
Use VPC Flow Logs to monitor network traffic and an AWS Lambda function to automatically block an attacker's IP using security groups.
D
Set up an Amazon EventBridge rule to monitor the AWS CloudTrail events in real time, use AWS Config rules to audit the configuration, and use AWS Systems Manager for remediation.
E
Use AWS WAF to create rules to respond to such attacks.

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QUESTION 34

A company uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL database for production workloads. The company's security team needs to demonstrate that new and existing RDS snapshots are not public. If a snapshot is public, the security team needs to identify when the snapshot was made public and who made the change.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Activate Amazon Inspector. Enable RDS protection.
B
Enable Amazon Detective. Create a Detective investigation for RDS snapshots.
C
Enable AWS Config. Deploy a managed rule to monitor RDS snapshots.
D
Use Amazon GuardDuty to enable RDS protection.

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QUESTION 35

A company has two AWS accounts: Account A and Account B. Each account has a VPC. An application that runs in the VPC in Account A needs to write to an Amazon S3 bucket in Account B. The application in Account A already has permission to write to the S3 bucket in Account B. The application and the S3 bucket are in the same AWS Region. The company cannot send network traffic over the public internet. Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
In both accounts, create a transit gateway and VPC attachments in a subnet in each Availability Zone. Update the VPC route tables.
B
Deploy a software VPN appliance in Account A. Create a VPN connection between the software VPN appliance and a virtual private gateway in Account B.
C
Create a VPC peering connection between the VPC in Account A and the VPC in Account B. Update the VPC route tables, network ACLs, and security groups to allow network traffic between the peered IP ranges.
D
In Account A, create a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3. Update the VPC route table in Account

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QUESTION 36

A company's security team needs to receive a notification whenever an AWS access key has not been rotated in 90 or more days. A security engineer must develop a solution that provides these notifications automatically.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?

A
Deploy an AWS Config managed rule to run on a periodic basis of 24 hours. Select the access-keys-rotated managed rule, and set the maxAccessKeyAge parameter to 90 days. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule with an event pattern that matches the compliance type of NON_COMPLIANT from AWS Config for the managed rule. Configure EventBridge to send an Amazon SNS notification to the security team.
B
Create a script to export a .csv file from the AWS Trusted Advisor check for IAM access key rotation. Load the script into an AWS Lambda function that will upload the .csv file to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon Athena table query that runs when the .csv file is uploaded to the S3 bucket. Publish the results for any keys older than 90 days by using an invocation of an Amazon SNS notification to the security team.
C
Create a script to download the IAM credentials report on a periodic basis. Load the script into an AWS Lambda function that will run on a schedule through Amazon EventBridge. Configure the Lambda script to load the report into memory and to filter the report for records in which the key was last rotated at least 90 days ago. If any records are detected, send an Amazon SNS notification to the security team.
D
Create an AWS Lambda function that queries the IAM API to list all the users. Iterate through the users by using the ListAccessKeys operation. Verify that the value in the CreateDate field is not at least 90 days old. Send an Amazon SNS notification to the security team if the value is at least 90 days old. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to schedule the Lambda function to run each day.

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QUESTION 37

A company runs a global ecommerce website that is hosted on AWS. The company uses Amazon CloudFront to serve content to its user base. The company wants to block inbound traffic from a specific set of countries to comply with recent data regulation policies.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A
Create an AWS WAF web ACL with an IP match condition to deny the countries' IP ranges. Associate the web ACL with the CloudFront distribution.
B
Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a geo match condition to deny the specific countries. Associate the web ACL with the CloudFront distribution.
C
Use the geo restriction feature in CloudFront to deny the specific countries.
D
Use geolocation headers in CloudFront to deny the specific countries.

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QUESTION 38

A security engineer needs to build a solution to turn AWS CloudTrail back on in multiple AWS Regions in case it is ever turned off.What is the MOST efficient way to implement this solution?

A
Use AWS Config with a managed rule to initiate the AWS-EnableCloudTrail remediation.
B
Create an Amazon EventBridge event with a cloudtrail.amazonaws.com event source and a StartLogging event name to invoke an AWS Lambda function to call the StartLogging API.
C
Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm with a cloudtrail.amazonaws.com event source and a StopLogging event name to invoke an AWS Lambda function to call the StartLogging API.
D
Monitor AWS Trusted Advisor to ensure CloudTrail logging is enabled.

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QUESTION 39

A company is using Amazon EC2 instances to host an application in a private subnet in a VPC. The application needs to use AWS KMS.

What is the MOST secure way for a security engineer to meet this requirement?

A
Attach an internet gateway to the VPC. Move the EC2 instances to a public subnet. Use the internet gateway to connect to AWS KMS.
B
Create a gateway VPC endpoint. Use the endpoint to connect to AWS KMS.
C
Attach a NAT gateway to the VPC. Leave the EC2 instances in the private subnet. Use the NAT gateway to connect to AWS KMS.
D
Create an interface VPC endpoint. Use the endpoint to connect to AWS KMS.

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QUESTION 40

A security engineer needs to control access to data that is encrypted with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. The security engineer also needs to use additional authenticated data (AAD) to prevent tampering with ciphertext.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Pass the key alias to AWS KMS when calling the Encrypt and Decrypt API actions.
B
Use IAM policies to restrict access to the Encrypt and Decrypt API actions.
C
Use the kms:EncryptionContext condition key when defining IAM policies for the customer managed key.
D
Use key policies to restrict access to the appropriate IAM groups.

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QUESTION 41

A company maintains both on-premises legacy systems and resources in AWS. The AWS resources include an Amazon DynamoDB table and an Amazon S3 bucket. The on-premises legacy systems need to connect to DynamoDB and Amazon S3 on a regular basis.The company currently uses a bastion host in a public subnet in a VPC. The company connects to the bastion host by using an SSH private key that the company stores on-premises. The instance profile that is assigned to the bastion host has full access to Amazon S3 and DynamoDB.A security team issues a new internal policy that requires all bastion hosts to be removed. The policy requires all systems to authenticate by using certificate-based authentication.Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection and create a VPN connection to a VPC that has access to VPC endpoints for the required services.
B
Set up the on-premises systems to use AWS IAM Roles Anywhere to authenticate.
C
Use AWS Private Certificate Authority to issue SSL certificates to give on-premises systems access to resources on AWS.
D
Create an IAM user that has permission to temporarily assume an IAM role and to use temporarily assumed role credentials to access the required resources.

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QUESTION 42

A company is using an organization in AWS Organizations that contains 100 accounts. The company has configured trusted access for Amazon GuardDuty to AWS Organizations within the management account. The company has designated a member account to be the GuardDuty administrator for the organization.

GuardDuty is working properly and reports findings for the organization in the GuardDuty console. The company wants a SecOps team to receive real-time email alerts from any GuardDuty finding within the organization that is high severity according to the GuardDuty severity levels.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
In the management account, create a rule in Amazon EventBridge that will react to a GuardDuty finding that has a high severity level. Configure the rule to notify an Amazon SNS topic. Subscribe the SecOps team's email addresses to the SNS topic.
B
Configure trusted access for AWS Config within the organization. Create a rule in AWS Config to monitor for any non-archived findings in GuardDuty. Create a rule in Amazon EventBridge that will react if AWS Config detects a compliance change for the AWS Config rule. Configure the EventBridge rule to target an Amazon SNS topic. Subscribe the SecOps team's email addresses to the SNS topic.
C
In the GuardDuty delegated administrator account, configure a rule in Amazon EventBridge that will react to a GuardDuty finding that has a high severity level. Configure the rule to notify an Amazon SNS topic. Subscribe the SecOps team's email addresses to the SNS topic.
D
Configure AWS CloudTrail for the organization in the management account. Create a rule in Amazon EventBridge that will run on a ListFindings API call. Configure the rule to notify an Amazon SNS topic. Subscribe the SecOps team's email addresses to the SNS topic.

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QUESTION 43

A company runs container-based workloads outside of AWS. The company wants the workloads to obtain temporary security credentials to securely access the company’s AWS account The company currently uses AWS IAM Identity Centre to manage user access to the company's AWS resources.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

A
Use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Roles Anywhere to create a trust anchor. Configure an IAM role to trust the IAM Roles Anywhere service principal
B
Use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) federation and create a trust anchor Configure an IAM role to trust the IAM service principal.
C
Set up an AWS managed application in AWS IAM Identity Center for the workload. Assign the AWS managed application to a group of users.
D
Set up a customer managed application in AWS IAM Identity Center for the workload. Assign the customer managed application to a group of users.

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QUESTION 44

A company is developing an incident response process to quarantine Amazon EC2 hosts that become infected by malware. The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company configures AWS Security Hub in the organization to receive findings from multiple accounts that run across multiple AWS Regions. A security engineer develops an AWS Lambda function to remove all the rules from all security groups for any EC2 instance the company suspects might be infected by malware.Select and order the correct steps from the following list to deploy and use the Lambda function as a custom action in Security Hub. Select each step one time or not at all. (Select and order THREE.)• Create a custom action that uses the Lambda function in Security Hub.• Create and apply a filter set to the Amazon EventBridge rule in Security Hub.• Define a rule in Amazon EventBridge.• Select the custom action in Security Hub for EC2 host findings.• Select the custom action in Security Hub for security group findings.

 

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QUESTION 45

A company uses SAML federation to grant users access to AWS accounts. A company workload that is in an isolated AWS account runs on immutable infrastructure with no human access to Amazon EC2. The company requires a specialized user known as a break glass user to have access to the workload AWS account and instances in the case of SAML errors. A recent audit discovered that the company did not create the break glass user for the AWS account that contains the workload.

The company must create the break glass user. The company must log any activities of the break glass user and send the logs to a security team.

Which combination of solutions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A
Create a local individual break glass IAM user for the security team. Create a trail in AWS CloudTrail that has Amazon CloudWatch Logs turned on. Use Amazon EventBridge to monitor local user activities.
B
Create a break glass EC2 key pair for the AWS account. Provide the key pair to the security team. Use AWS CloudTrail to monitor key pair activity. Send notifications to the security team by using Amazon SNS.
C
Create a break glass IAM role for the account. Allow security team members to perform the AssumeRoleWithSAML operation. Create an AWS CloudTrail trail that has Amazon CloudWatch Logs turned on. Use Amazon EventBridge to monitor security team activities.
D
Create a local individual break glass IAM user on the operating system level of each workload instance. Configure unrestricted security groups on the instances to grant access to the break glass IAM users.
E
Configure AWS Systems Manager Session Manager for Amazon EC2. Configure an AWS CloudTrail filter based on Session Manager. Send the results to an Amazon SNS topic.

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QUESTION 46

A consultant agency needs to perform a security audit for a company's production AWS account Several consultants need access to the account. The consultant agency already has its own AWS account

The company requires multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all access to its production account. The company also forbids the use of long-term credentials.

Which solution will provide the consultant agency with access that meets these requirements?

A
Create an IAM group. Create an IAM user for each consultant. Add each user to the group. Tum on MFA for each consultant.
B
Configure Amazon Cognito on the companys production account to authenticate against the consultant agency's identity provider (IdP). Add MFA to a Cognito user pool.
C
Create an IAM role in the consultant agencys AWS account. Define a trust policy that requires MFA In the trust policy, specify the company's production account as the principal. Attach the trust policy to the role.
D
Create an IAM role in the company's production account. Define a trust policy that requires MFA In the trust policy, specify the consultant agency's AWS account as the principal, Attach the trust policy to the role.

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QUESTION 47

A company with 50 AWS accounts managed through AWS Organizations needs to set up a centralized threat detection solution. The solution must identify suspicious and potentially malicious activity across all accounts in the organization.The company uses AWS Control Tower and wants to centralize security findings into an audit account. A security team must receive email alerts within 5 minutes of any new security findings.Which solution will meet these requirements?

A
Configure Amazon GuardDuty with a delegated administrator in the audit account. Enable GuardDuty across all member accounts through the delegated administrator account. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to send GuardDuty findings to an Amazon SNS topic that delivers email notifications to the security team.
B
Set up Amazon GuardDuty in each member account, and create IAM roles to allow cross-account access from the audit account. Configure Amazon CloudWatch alarms in each account to monitor for security findings and to send notifications to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic in the audit account.
C
Enable AWS Config in the audit account and create custom rules to detect security issues across the organization. Use AWS Systems Manager to collect security findings from all member accounts and to store the findings in a centralized Amazon S3 bucket. Create an AWS Lambda function to monitor the S3 bucket and to send email notifications to the security team when new findings are detected.
D
Deploy Amazon Inspector agents across all Amazon EC2 instances in the organization. Configure the Amazon Inspector agents to report to a central Amazon Inspector console in the audit account. Create Amazon EventBridge rules in each member account to forward findings to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic in the audit account.

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